Frozen pipes are a common problem during cold months, especially in regions where winter temperatures drop below freezing. If not handled properly, frozen pipes can burst, causing extensive water damage and expensive repairs. This guide walks you through the risks, prevention methods, and long-term solutions to keep your plumbing system safe when the temperature drops.
Why Frozen Pipes Are a Problem
When water freezes, it expands. This pressure can cause even strong pipes to crack or burst. A single burst pipe can flood your home, damage floors and walls, and disrupt your daily life. Worse yet, leaks can go unnoticed behind walls until it’s too late. That’s why prevention is key.
Which Pipes Are Most at Risk
Certain areas are more vulnerable to freezing, especially:
- Pipes in unheated spaces like basements, garages, and crawl spaces
- Outdoor hose bibs and sprinkler lines
- Pipes running along exterior walls
- Under-sink pipes in kitchens and bathrooms (especially if on an outside wall)
These pipes need special attention before the cold sets in.
Preventive Tips to Keep Pipes from Freezing
Insulate Exposed Pipes
Use foam pipe insulation sleeves or wrap with fiberglass. Focus on areas like attics, crawl spaces, and under sinks. This simple step can drastically reduce freezing risk.
Seal Cracks and Gaps Around Pipes
Cold air can enter through gaps near pipes. Use caulk or spray foam to seal holes in walls, floors, and around pipe entry points. This not only prevents freezing but also improves energy efficiency.
Keep Heat On Indoors
If you’re leaving home during winter, never turn off the heat completely. Keep your thermostat set to at least 55°F (13°C). This maintains ambient warmth to protect your pipes.
Let Faucets Drip During Freezing Weather
Letting a faucet drip slightly keeps water moving, which makes freezing less likely. This is especially useful for pipes that run through unheated or poorly insulated areas.
Open Cabinet Doors Under Sinks
This allows warm air from your home to circulate around under-sink plumbing. It’s a simple tip that makes a big difference, especially on very cold nights.
Disconnect and Drain Outdoor Hoses
Leaving hoses connected can trap water inside outdoor faucets. Disconnect them, drain them fully, and store them indoors. Consider installing insulated hose bib covers too.
Use Pipe Heating Cables or Heat Tape
For extremely cold climates, electric pipe heating cables can be installed to prevent freezing. Be sure to follow safety instructions or consult a licensed plumber for help.
What to Do If You Suspect a Frozen Pipe
If a pipe isn’t delivering water or you hear strange sounds when turning on a faucet:
- Turn off the main water supply to reduce damage if it bursts.
- Check exposed pipes for frost or bulging.
- Apply gentle heat using a hairdryer, heating pad, or towels soaked in warm water. Never use an open flame.
- If you can’t locate or thaw the pipe, call an expert in emergency plumbing repairs.
Delays in action can make the situation worse. Learn how to diagnose plumbing problems before they escalate.
Long-Term Solutions for Cold Climates
If you live in an area prone to deep freezes, consider these upgrades:
- Add extra insulation in basements and crawl spaces
- Reroute vulnerable pipes away from exterior walls
- Upgrade to freeze-resistant plumbing materials
- Install a smart thermostat with remote monitoring
- Schedule annual plumbing inspections from a professional plumbing service
